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When Women
Plus other adjustments to national economic equations
Images emissions Television 1970 the first woman elected to Parliament in New Zealand, she was escorted with pomp and ceremony, due to the real camera. Men closely united to the whole nation watching Marilyn Waring clashes with unusual vigor to serve his country and constituency.
It 22.
More sheep farmers that the boy was mistaken for flowers, Waring brief speech drew the approval of the woman land that their concerns will no longer be ignored. At the time of emancipation, everything seemed possible.
Fast forward two years. As Chief Commission of public expenditure, Waring was found to increase the national budget. It was almost as if he was guided. Running his finger along the columns of figures measuring the operations of the nation, she was surprised not to find a single woman working at home. I should take pages of accounting. But without more important to New Zealand only profession that does not appear at all.
This is odd, Waring thought. As pointed out by their male counterparts, no more hours than women with children. While on call around the clock your needs, mothers began as a teacher, caregiver, nurse and lifeguard also attend most or all of the maintenance accounting and logistics complex for homes and small businesses. However, this enormous work is completely absent from the national budget.
Women's work
Nobody could argue the facts. However, sheep farming Waring had learned that when the cooperative nature of yin / yang strategy survival is far from equilibrium, any economic system that excludes women with background on which the time is collapse.
En route she knew, the feminine side of human nature and all those still suffering the most. Indeed, when superimposed a chart showing the typical tasks of the day of a mother for a similar figure of a man working in paid employment, covered mostly empty "in" blocks in the table of men in the mother.
When investigators finally caught fatigue Aeotearoa huge lost tribe of women who work without pay, They found that more hours in addition to placing children and manage household tasks exceeds the value of all children in this country by a Maori multiple of three, and all production by 1000%. Across the Tasman Sea, on the basis of wages equivalent to those paid to provide child care and the elderly, cleaning and maintenance services, taxis and delivery, all unpaid labor of $ 571,000 full-time jobs in Australia alone.
The majority of North American households still can not afford the cost of switching tasks of a mother Pay with your hands. Penney Kome, author of "Someone must do: whose work is housework? Call this" national treasure invisible " a "huge pool of unpaid workers who can forget when the time comes to develop national policies such as childcare, elder care, health care, unemployment insurance, pensions or social assistance. "[Ottawa Citizen, May 9 / 97]
This is no coincidence that the first women in New Zealand Parliament was the first to realize that women often worked as sharecroppers deal their families have received almost no shovel dollars of U.S. government held public taxes in the jaws of firms that have sponsored his election payroll taxes but little or no themselves.
"The question arises," said Waring, "which is the largest industry and what is the strongest productivity and the services sector … and why not quotas are applied in this area?
Free At Last
It was not only women at risk by the uneven economy that has all the money transactions as a "plus" lower toll. Member of Congress Young soon joined their neighbors to oppose a proposal to mine a mountain that destroyed their centuries old way of life for poisoning below farmland in abundance.
His campaign was a success. In 1975, Waring became an international celebrity after to force a "no confidence" vote against his own party for failing to maintain the state of New Zealand as a zone free of nuclear weapons cons of U.S. warships visit. When Waring "crossed the floor" of Parliament to join the opposition, kiwis applauded the government has collapsed, and intimidation of boats had to take radioactive mischief elsewhere.
Why is it that peace has no value, then the terrible loss and destruction of war, readers largest world economies, Waring question? Surely a national economy based on construction and the purchase of weapons can only lead to constant war.
Moreover, what is the serenity of not living near the weapon nuclear or a sum of a nuclear reactor? How it works? fluctuating "value" of $ likened to digital happy children, bountiful harvests and wildlife alone?
No, she has seen. A Global Accounting System account monetary exchange as the only criterion of "value" must be deeply flawed. The more I looked, the more it seemed that Waring national accounting practices "has been co-opted by a value system disease. "What else could call a system that has the production, stockpiling and use of nuclear bombs as "Good" for national and global economies?
HIDDEN CODES
Marilyn Waring traveled in over 35 countries in search of a model different budget. Wherever she went, she was surprised as ever of national budgets represented the value of women outside the labor paid workforce. Neither its accounting practices always considered many other values, most people regard as vital.
Where the concept of "Gross National Product" is? Waring asked. Why are monetary transactions that apply universally as the only measure of national importance in the country in the hands of change relatively little money?
The secret, someone said, is that all members UN United Nations must use the same accounting standards. This system of national accounts was first exposed in the 1940s by two men as a way of Great Britain to pay for World War II. They had no idea that their short-term economic equations become the price of admission to the United Nations United States that now governs the lives of nearly everyone on Earth.
Turning learning that one set of national accounts of the public sphere remains at the UN, Marilyn Waring flew to New York where he spent weeks to study carefully this arcane accounting tradition. The more I read, the more she was surprised.
He says it is "applicable to economies around in the world, no formulas are simply ignored this fundamental contribution cultural and economic such as small-scale agriculture, and unpaid work of women. Waring concluded that the global economic system was rigged against almost all who attended.
She began to wonder how such distortions may cancel the disastrous national sovereignty and self-determination to pursue some rich people seven billion and wild life? And how she wants is a woman hired to clean is considered a contributor to GDP, but if he marries her employer and who does the same job without pay, their work is perceived as a "loss" by the same system of measurement?
None of the economists who had heard of the national accounts.
Open
The enthusiastic participation of the IMF International and the World Bank in this world system "pyramid" raises another flag. Kome as noted, most projects implemented by organizations "tend to ignore women's struggles to feed and support their families. Instead, the foreign news agencies consulted with men, and imposed costly and poorly designed projects aimed at bringing developing nations into the monetary economy. In a so never seemed to benefit the community. "
Because agriculture Subsistence is expressly excluded from its calculations, Kome continued "IMF and World Bank projects often leave mothers and their small family plots of arable land, where they are at least reasonably well fed the establishment of large plantations of cash crops. The prosperity of the nation's GDP, but the country's children suffer from hunger. "[Ottawa Citizen, May 9 / 97]
Accounting system in the world is a mistake, revealed to the public drew Waring for his ideas, because "national accounts recognizes that money changes hands. "Raising children, growing food, supporting partners, protection of the environment on which all depend on these and many related activities is given is only valid if it is about money.
For this Kiwi sheep farmer, all has been reduced to a fundamental question about what we appreciate. "Ask people what they value most in life will tell my children, my companion, my health, my religion, "he said in an interview." Generally, it is something you can not buy. "
SPEAK ENGLISH
But economists who spoke seemed to come from other planets, given their profound ignorance of the are actually running. Perfecting the art of the stupid question, asked Waring to translate jargon into English recognizable as had a certain practical sense.
The scientist patiently explained that his concerns were not relevant. Filling the air with toxic gases, ribs food and water with pesticides, thus depriving the world of solar radiation, shielding and accelerate climate collapse all "externalities" that can be ignored, they say. Until people get sick. Or begin to die. Which is always a plus, because money is constantly changing hands.
"It's an activity that makes the gross national product (GNP) increases in countries considered to be good? Waring said.
"Absolutely," said scientists bent on abstractions that had nothing to do with real life. "The money paid for goods and services added the economy, "they shouted.
"But what about the oil spill from the Exxon Valdez in Alaska wildlife and devastated ribs? Waring wanted to know. Highly efficient, he says, with millions of dollars in rescue and clean pumping into the coffers of businesses and the economy local.
"What about the white slave trade in Eastern Europe, the sex industry in Indonesia and Thailand, Prostitution in Europe East? "He asked. These activities are also an important part of gross national product in these countries."
Deeply concerned by these revelations, Waring returned to farming after his term. He also took time to get a doctorate in political economy before returning in 1988 to rock the world of male-dominated economy with a book about all these missing women.
Counted for nothing: What men value and how women are Worth was a real opening of the exhibition of women producers and the lack of reproductive work of national accounts more 140 countries.
He received serious attention. John Kenneth Galbraith praised his contribution as an antidote to the evil behind the alleged defects. Waring Gloria Steinem called a populist and an excellent explainer [which] puts human beings and human values in the economy. "
For example, the world discusses the importance of "community" Waring liked to say. But the community, usually the mother or daughter, or aunt or a neighbor or another woman who works 16 to 18 hours a day. "
Waring thought that if she and her followers "could prove that the work of women overwhelmingly households without pay could be defined as slavery, "then the country defending the rights of man, places like Canada, New Zealand, Australia and Scandinavia would be in violation of its fundamental obligations, and "begin to practice what they were legally required to do so. "
She was right. In 1993, the national accounting system has been expanded to include every subsistence agriculture for women, including activities such as carrying water and collecting firewood.
Four years later, housewife Saskatchewan Carol Lees gave a Another impetus to this process when he refused to fill out your census form. Lees told reporters he was willing to risk the prison rather than a list of his many hours at home as a "zero" because they did not pay for them. She had a point. The United Nations noted that women do two-thirds of the work in the world, while receiving less than 5% of its income and own less than 1% of all assets. The UN estimates that if women's work have been counted in the world, their unpaid work worth 11 billion U.S. dollars per year. [Ottawa Citizen, May 9 / 97]
Mothers are women was associated with the dregs to win three new questions about the number of hours of care in the Canadian census next. But Statistics Canada already knew that women were working without pay is more than a third of GDP.
1997 was proved to be an exceptional year for women. The Platform for Action "adopted at the World Conference on Women in Beijing calls on governments begin to count the unpaid work of women. Caring for dependents and elderly parents, subsistence agriculture, and empower women to employment or small businesses would be included in these calculations. [Ottawa Citizen May 9 / 97]
Seven countries have made.
Hazel Henderson
Across the globe, Hazel Henderson has also been looking for an economic system Blind workers billions of women. He is described as a housewife in New York, Henderson has found a new vocation, according to lead successful campaign to enact air pollution innovation during the 1960s. As Waring, quickly became a frequent consultant to the governments and international speaker on a "new economy" has recently been included.
"I realize that I am operating in patriarchy, but then all other countries in the world is a patriarchy, "says Kevin Kelly Wired Henderson." The UN is the greatest of patriarchy. I I feel like Virginia Woolf. I have no country. I am a woman. I have no country. This means that my country is my planet, "[Wired Feb/97]
Describing its mission as "fair to say the side of life in human evolution, that's all," Hazel Henderson has proposed the first Economists Earth Summit back and take all the courses he had lost important issues like ecology, cultural anthropology, psychology social, thermodynamics, and all other disciplines related to human development.
Call this economically extended "the politics of reconceptualization "Henderson described a more harmonious economic vision in his books, politics of the Age of solar building a win-win World.
Listening to anyone? Opinion formation "anchor" keep reciting the government and news media company, encouraging each increase in consumer spending, without ever mentioning the figure all this additional consumption, debt and pollution is put in this world who suffers and generations of fins, feathers, hair and legs to come.
But then, denial is the greater propensity of man.
"For us to maintain our lifestyle, we lie to each other and especially ourselves, "lawyer and professor Bill Reese said." The lies are necessary because without them the truth that keeps us from doing things stupid. Economic growth is one of those stupid things, because if you really think of their impact, should change our worldview. "
Instrument Flying
After all, "money is not wealth," Hazel Henderson has continued to insist. "I've been around twenty recent years, giving thousands of speeches about how absurd it is to measure the progress of a country using the GNP. Also I like to compare with the flight of a Boeing 747 with nothing in the dashboard, with the exception of a gauge of oil pressure. "[Sustainability Spring 1990]
For a more accurate measure of progress in the world, according to him, "new and policymakers must look to the indicator real progress to provide a more balanced economy. "
Unlike GNP, entrusts IPS value leisure time, housework unpaid and voluntary work. Original indicators of progress also avoid crime and family breakdown, exhaustion resources, traffic accidents, social security levies and other count as "benefits" in the global system of national accounts.
"IPM recognizes the importance of families, communities and nature play in economic welfare," Henderson told his audience. " In the current system of national accounts, these factors are ignored. "[adbusters.org]
With defective meter and compass violently Tour GNP, a dozen "quality of life" tools helped Hazel Henderson strips the dashboard of our spacecraft can measure how we really what matters most.
How your neighborhood and the nation in terms of:
Income distribution: enlargement or narrowing of the gap in poverty?
The social costs and the environment: depletion of nonrenewable resources.
Relationship between input power for goods produced: efficiency measures and recycling.
Military / civilian budget ratio: efficiency Government and diplomatic skills.
Education: Literacy levels, attrition rates of grade repetition.
Health: Infant mortality, birth weight, weight / size / age.
Nutrition, housing availability and costs of medical care.
Basic services: clean water, sanitation, telephone, electricity.
Political participation and the process Democratic.
Situation of minorities and ethnic populations and women.
Water, soil and food quality, air pollution urban.
The depletion of the environment: hectares of farmland and forests are lost each year.
Bio-diversity and species loss.
Child Development.
As Marilyn Waring was enthusiastic people Down Under, Hazel Henderson went to work with the German Green Party, and economists of the Soviet Academy of Sciences of Russia to launch a new card decision "National Report" which allow a real comparison between nations "based on real progress and truly sustainable development." [Whole Earth Review Fall/95]
The idea seized in South America, where, following Henderson joined a group of experts from five continents, advising the President Perez of Venezuela in an economic framework seemed to new ways of measuring development. At a meeting of non – Aligned, 15 countries-Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Senegal, Venezuela, Yugoslavia and Zimbabwe, officially received the new quality of living, creating its own economic summit in the southern hemisphere.
The "G-15" first meeting in Kuala Lumpur in June 2005 for the economic summit of the South. The G-15 represents 30% of the total world population, the G-7 to 13%.
TOTAL PRICE
There was real progress. But the overdeveloped nations in the North remains an urgent need similar reform was never mentioned in the news.
"You can not have a system where few accumulate a large amount of material wealth and power and still have a society that respects the environment healthy and peaceful, "Herrera said today. Especially when most of the accoutrements destroying our way of life accelerated high technology, are not downloaded to your health and general maintenance. [Red Herring Apr/98]
The answer, economists say that the new Waring and Henderson, is to immediately to "cost" that shipments accurately the costs of production, use and recycling of products on the balance of producers and buyers. Once gasoline is priced at its true cost "to the pump, for example, a planet could wheezing have the opportunity to resume his breath.
When we insist on full cost pricing, and away from crowded stores so cheap products can be made in sweatshops and labor camps for children, we'll start seeing more sustainable and effective products that benefit all involved. Also experience as a "much better life" that the slowness of our pathologies, Hazel Henderson believes.
Until then, it provides stay busy designing new cultural DNA and fitting into the cultural codes and identify malfunctions strands of DNA as the GNP, which disease patterns generated in the body politic. "
The new world order is America
With the world crack under the pressure of Stocks struggle for survival and yet we are at a bifurcation point, Henderson believes. "We must go back and make a plan overall and see what everyone looks Case.
Bifurcation occurs when what comes next, departs radically from what has preceded a sharp turn away from monetary exchange already see the countries and companies that use computer networks to exchange billions of dollars goods and services without changing a single dollar, dinar and silver.
It's huge, "said Henderson. It changes every economic equation.
"When economists, a new system we can not use the money, it really hurt, she said, laughing. But the barter system through electronic commerce are already weakened the monopoly of money, "he said. The coins are also local popping everywhere, increasing awareness, community building, and restructuring of our economies in a sustainable direction. "[Red Herring Apr/98]
Ignored by a global economy of 24 billion U.S. dollars, which is largely a mirage Digital-to-day Today's "underground economy" continues, "said Henderson, a person to barter, reciprocity, exchange of cooperation and implementing a transaction valued at 16 billion dollars each year without any change penny. [Cable Feb/97]
Now add another 12 billion dollars or so annual work of countless women, and the picture is very different landscape Economic welcomed in the new "virtual.
What is more real to you? Which Would you support instead? So what does this mean? As Hazel Henderson says: "Things are much better and much worse, both."
And the things that really are not selling at all.
# # #
ACCESS
Marilyn Waring AUDIO
http://aurora.icaap.org/talks/waring.htm # Audio1
rtsp: / / Chinstrap.cs.athabascau.ca: 8080/mmserv/au/journal/aurora/waring.ra
Marilyn Waring TALK (transcript)
http://aurora.icaap.org/talks/waring.htm
About the Author
WHO IS WILLIAM THOMAS?
I am an award-winning Canadian author, reporter, photographer and filmmaker. A former Vancouver Sun “photog” – his feature writing and accompanying photographs subsequently appeared in more than 50 publications in eight countries, including translations into French, Dutch and Japanese.
My 30-minute video documentary Eco War won the 1991 US Environmental Film Festival award for “Best Documentary Short”. Excerpts from this “front-lines” chronicle of a three-man environmental emergency response team in Kuwait aired in an eight-part CBC Gulf War mini-series, and have been shown on CNN and NBC television, as well as Noam Chomsky’s feature film, “The Corporation”.
During and immediately after the Gulf War, I served five months in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait as a member of a three-man environmental emergency response team.
Winner of four Canadian feature-writing awards, I am the author of Days Of Deception: Ground Zero and Beyond; All Fall Down: The Politics of Terror and Mass Persuasion, Scorched Earth, Bringing The War Home, Alt Health, Stand Down, Dialing Our Cells: Cell Phone Health Hazards and the recently updated Chemtrails Confirmed.
A former pilot, ocean sailing master and frequent radio talk-show guest, I currently live and work in the Gulf Islands off Canada’s west coast.
Visit my investigative reporting website: willthomasonline.net
Visit my photography website: willthomasphotography.com
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